These are primarily 'torn-off' windows. The term is a hold-over from the original app design which split views in into 'main' views (now the view pane's views) or 'secondary' , i.e. stand-alone view windows.
- Find results stand-alone dialog
- Get Info stand-alone dialog
- Roadmap stand-alone dialog
- Text window
- Text preview window
See also—notes linking to here: